It looks like there's no remnants of the rod left, because the space between the yoke and frame has decreased to contact. When the rod was stuck in that gap, there was at least 2mm gap between yoke and frame.
Yes, frankly, I'm not sure that the small dent is the problem either. But then, if the adjuster is not welded or bolted in there, it should come out with all the force I have been applying to it.
Just by tapping on it, I can tell the metal is much thicker toward the front of the dent and the spot where the dent is is hollow.
If the adjuster alone were seized up, at least the adjuster assembly should slide forward, but the fact that it does not even budge suggests something holding the entire assembly in place.
The track has original Japanese part number on it (I posted a picture of it earlier in this discussion) making me suspect that this track has never been changed since the manufacture of the machine. If the machine is 20 years old, then the adjuster hasn't been touched in all that time.
I'm studying the drawings on page 398 of the shop manual, but I don't see what could be holding the other end of the spring in place so tightly. The yoke can move when force is applied, but the back end of the spring is solidly in place, as if someone welded it to the frame.
Then there's the fact that I've flooded the entire assembly with WD40, over a gallon of the stuff was used in the past week with multiple applications via a pump sprayer.