It's not rocket science and you don't need a Masters in Engineering to figure them out - just a parts book and Service Manual - and if you've worked on trucks, the engineering and the parts that break, are just the same as on trucks - only heavier and more costly! LOL
I knew a guy who was a heavy equipment fitter, and he threw that job in, to work on trucks.
When I saw him later and asked how he was going, he replied, "I threw in heavy equipment repairs and thought I'd go onto trucks - because nothing much ever goes wrong with them! How wrong I was!!" LOL
What I'd do, first up - before you move it - and for the cost of a couple of hours work, maybe some gaskets and perhaps some oil - is;
1. Unbolt the plates on the chain cases and check to see that the chains are intact and haven't broken. You should be able to check the chains and sprockets reasonably easy with a small flashlight and perhaps a mirror on a stick to see right up the chain case.
If you have a modern borescope/inspection camera with a flexible wand, that's a bonus.
If the chains are intact and look all operational, move on to #2.
2. Drain the final drive oil (the final drive is like a tractor final drive, right underneath the rear of the engine, you access it from underneath, at the back) - the drain plug is at the rear, on the big plate.
Once the final drive oil is drained, unbolt the plate and you can inspect the entire final drive.
The Cat grader final drive is just like a double reduction truck differential - only it doesn't have a diff, it's solid drive to both axles.
There's a pinion coming off the back of the gearbox, this drives a big ring gear, and the ring gear shaft has a small straight-cut pinion gear on it.
This small straight-cut pinion gear drives the big straight-cut bullgear that you can see, immediately you remove the backplate.
If there's any damage to the final drive, this will be apparent immediately. If there's no damage to any of those gears, then the problem will be further back up the drive train, in the transmission.
It's not the first time the gear selector mechanism has worn on a transmission, and two gears have been engaged at once, locking up the transmission.
However, that normally occurs when gear-changing is being undertaken, and mostly happens when the machine is stopped and gears are being selected.