Our old system pre 1995 was 2" galvanized pipe buried only 2 feet deep. 100 yards from my house was the end of the system. 100 years, there was a big spray blowing water 100 feet in the air, In winter a massive tower of ice formed probably 50 feet tall, 40 feet diameter. It kept the main line from freezing.
Drops for supply to individual houses tap the top of the main. Typically they were as little as 18" deep. Homes had to run a trickle through the winter to prevent freeze. Sometimes they froze anyway.
All the drop lines were also galvanized steel, a material that lends itself to being thawed with a welder.