I would like to make the point that the 2k of dirt isn't free. First off, somebody has to take the time to find the "free" fill. Then, someone has to pay to put it in a truck. And finally, someone has to pay to get trucked into a convenient hole in the ground. Now who pays for what part varies depending on the situation.
For example my family has had many free ponds built, b/c we sit on a big pile of good clay and are strategically placed for most of the large building that has happened in the last 20 years. We own parts of both the Wal-Mart and Target parking lots. Each time the jobs were bid with a much higher trucking cost and then they called us. Its too bad the second Wal-Mart had to export dirt, since I am now smart enough to bring along a camera. Its not like everyone gets their ponds built by a 365 and 6 axle belly dumps!
Here are my thoughts:
Any dirt that has to be moved off site is the excavators, since he paid for all of the factors i listed.
Dirt that has to be located, loaded, and trucked, the customer eats the "loss"
Dirt that has be located and trucked, the customer still eats the "loss".
On the rare chance the excavator finds someone to load and truck the dirt to his job, some deal making is required. Most cost is being eaten by someone else, and if the other guy needs it gone that bad he is probably the one looking for a convenient hole in the ground.
On the even rarer chance the customer finds the fill dirt, uh, it better before the contract is written.
On the flipside, exporting dirt, if the cost of trucking to a preferred location is cost-prohibitive the excavator might have to sell the dirt for a "loss", give it away, or if in a real bind pay to dump it. It works both ways, the bid might be too high if the customer has to eat the extra cost. Especially if another excavator has a cheaper way to export the dirt.
As for the customer's perceived loss, if another excavator did the same job there is no guarantee the other guy would be able to procure the same "free" fill. Its the same principle as the excavator using dirt he had stockpiled from another job. Just b/c the excavator didn't pay for the actual dirt, doesn't make the dirt worth any less. If nothing else, the excavator might owe the source of the dirt a favor. Say, bringing over some scrapers to turn a big hole in the ground into a pond.
Thats just my take on Excavator's Business Ethics 101.
BTW: did you know engineers have to take Ethics classes? I can't wait.:bash