"The Guy" who rebuilt the cylinder is not necessarily to blame, apart from not advising you if he had trouble pulling the cylinder apart or if the threads looked worn or damaged from rust.
It's not uncommon to have a problem with these cylinders during disassembly due to their design - not having an oring at the flange of the gland to prevent moisture entering the threaded area of the tube & also not having thread on the entire OD of the gland.
You may not be able to repair the threads as their may not be enough steel there to do so.
If you can get the gland to screw back & you decide to use weld to retain it to the cylinder (I have done this in order to keep a machine working while waiting for parts & a more suitable time to carry out repair
) don't fully weld the circumference of the gland - just a series of about 6 x 3/4" stitches should do the trick, allowing some cooling time in between welds & wrapping an old wet towel around the cylinder barrel, near the weld area, to absorb some heat.
PS - use low hydrogen rods.